What breaks the bond between of the 2 dna strands?

Helicase enzymes break the bonds between the two strands that results in the unzipping of DNA. The two strands are separated and form a ‘Y’ shaped structure known as replication fork where the helicase activity stops.

DNA helicases are molecular motors. Through conformational changes caused by ATP hydrolysis and binding, they move along the template double helix, break the hydrogen bonds between the two strands and separate the template chains, so that the genetic information can be accessed.

DNA helicases Are essential during DNA replication because they separate double-stranded DNA into single strands allowing each strand to be copied. During DNA replication, DNA helicases unwind DNA at positions called origins where synthesis will be initiated.

This is carried out by an enzyme^? Called Helicase Which breaks the hydrogen bonds^? Holding the complementary^? Bases^? Of DNA together (A with T, C with G). The separation of the two single strands of DNA creates a ‘Y’ shape called a replication ‘fork’.

Endogenous sources of DNA damage include Hydrolysis, oxidation, alkylation, and mismatch of DNA bases; sources for exogenous DNA damage include ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and various chemicals agents.

DNA is also susceptible to damage by environmental factors such as Ultraviolet (UV), ionizing radiation, and alkylating agents used to treat proliferative disorders like cancer (Table 1).

DNA helicase is the enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds down the center of the strand. It begins at a site called the origin of replication, and it creates a replication fork by separating the two sides of the parental DNA.

DNA replication. Each time a cell divides, each of its double strands of DNA splits into two single strands. Each of these single strands acts as a template for a new strand of complementary DNA. As a result, each new cell has its own complete genome. This process is known as DNA replication.

Helicases Are enzymes that are responsible for untwisting the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two strands and making them available to serve as templates for DNA replication.

So, the correct answer is ‘Helicase‘.

Helicases are essential enzymes involved in all aspects of nucleic acid metabolism including DNA replication, repair, recombination, transcription, ribosome biogenesis and RNA processing, translation, and decay.

DNA bases can be damaged by: (1) oxidative processes, (2) alkylation of bases, (3) base loss caused by the hydrolysis of bases, (4) bulky adduct formation, (5) DNA crosslinking, and (6) DNA strand breaks, including single and double stranded breaks. An overview of these types of damage are described below.

DNA can be damaged via environmental factors as well. Environmental agents such as UV light, ionizing radiation, and genotoxic chemicals. Replication forks can be stalled due to damaged DNA and double strand breaks are also a form of DNA damage.

Single strand and double strand cleavage of the DNA may occur. Single strand breaks may result from Damage to the deoxyribose moiety of the DNA deoxyribosylphosphate chain. Breaks also result as an intermediate step of the base excision repair pathway after the removal of deoxyribose phosphate by AP-endonuclease 1.

The enzyme Helicase Is responsible for splitting DNA along the base pairs. Helicase moves along the DNA strand unzipping the strand just as a zipper moves along unzipping two sections of clothing. The action of helicase can be seen in the diagram above.

Polymerase– Break the DNA into fragments. B. Nucleases- Separates the two strands of DNA.

This unzipping or unwinding process is caused by an enzyme DNA helicase, which moves along the DNA strands, Breaking the hydrogen bonds between bases, separating the two strands. The next stages occur under the control of the enzyme DNA polymerase.

Because of its strong bonding and stability, DNA cannot simply break apart on its own, but rather conserves genetic information to be passed on to new cells and descendants. The highly efficient enzyme helicase makes possible the breaking apart of the tremendously coiled DNA molecule, so that life can continue.